What characterizes an executive agency?

An executive agency is characterized by its structure within the federal government, typically existing as a cabinet department or a subagency within such a department. This classification reflects the role these agencies play in the implementation of federal laws and policies, reporting directly to the President, who has the authority to oversee, influence, and potentially alter their functions. Cabinet departments cover broad areas of government activity (like defense, education, and health), while subagencies often handle specific tasks within those areas.

This organizational structure emphasizes the executive branch's responsibility to execute and enforce laws developed by the legislative branch, distinguishing these agencies from other types of governmental entities. By contrast, agencies independent of presidential authority would not fit into this designation, nor would those focused only on state law enforcement or created through a legislative vote, as they typically follow a different operational model.