What do the judge's instructions to the jury after closing arguments refer to?

The judge's instructions to the jury after closing arguments are referred to as the "charge." This is a critical part of the trial process where the judge provides the jury with specific guidelines regarding the legal standards they must apply when deliberating on the case. The charge outlines the relevant laws, clarifies the issues at hand, and helps the jurors understand their roles and responsibilities in reaching a verdict based on the evidence presented during the trial.

These instructions are essential for ensuring that jurors can accurately interpret the law as it applies to the facts they have heard, helping them to focus on the appropriate points in their deliberations. The judge's charge aims to facilitate a fair and just decision-making process. Other terms like "challenge for cause," "citation," and "civil law system" relate to different aspects of the legal process but do not specifically pertain to the jury instructions provided after the closing arguments.