What is an arrest warrant?

An arrest warrant is a formal written order issued by a judge or magistrate, authorizing law enforcement to arrest a specific individual. This legal document is essential because it signifies that there is probable cause to believe that the individual has committed a crime. The issuance of an arrest warrant is a critical safeguard in ensuring that law enforcement engages in lawful practices, respecting individuals' rights under the Fourth Amendment, which protects against unreasonable searches and seizures.

Using a warrant to effectuate an arrest reflects the judicial branch's involvement in the enforcement of the law, distinguishing it from other forms of authority or commands that may not carry the same legal weight. A written warrant ensures that there is a documented, official basis for the arrest, which is essential for maintaining law and order and upholding the rights of the individual being arrested.