What is 'passive listening' characterized by?

Passive listening is characterized by listening without any form of engagement. This means that the listener is receiving information without actively participating or responding to the speaker. In a passive listening scenario, the listener may be physically present but is not giving any feedback, encouragement, or interaction, which can lead to a lack of understanding or retention of the information presented. The other options involve forms of engagement or active participation that are inconsistent with the concept of passive listening.