What is the term for the power of a court to hear and decide a case for the first time?

The term that refers to the power of a court to hear and decide a case for the first time is known as original jurisdiction. Courts with original jurisdiction are the ones that initially hear the case, as opposed to appellate courts, which review decisions made by lower courts. This concept is fundamental in understanding how different levels of the court system function; for example, trial courts typically possess original jurisdiction in civil and criminal cases, allowing them to examine evidence and establish facts.

In contrast, appellate jurisdiction involves the authority of a higher court to review the decisions of a lower court, which is not the context here. Exclusive jurisdiction pertains to cases that can only be heard in a specific court, such as federal courts handling cases involving federal law. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when both federal and state courts have the authority to hear a case. Understanding these terms is crucial for anyone studying court structures and their respective powers.