Which process is concerned with the title to real property?

The process that is concerned with the title to real property is title insurance. Title insurance protects property buyers and lenders from financial loss due to defects in the title, such as liens, encumbrances, or issues arising from prior ownership. When a title policy is issued, it confirms that the legal ownership of the property is clear and free of any issues at the time of the sale. This is critical in real estate transactions to ensure that the buyer has a valid and marketable title.

Adverse possession, while related to real property, refers to a legal doctrine allowing a person to claim ownership of land under certain conditions, typically by continuous possession for a statutory period, and is not primarily concerned with ensuring clear title at the outset of ownership. Property appraisal involves assessing the value of real property but does not directly involve the verification of title. Real estate transactions encompass the buying and selling process but do not specifically address the assurance of title quality, which is where title insurance plays a vital role.