Which term describes a search and seizure conducted without a warrant or probable cause?

The correct term for a search and seizure conducted without a warrant or probable cause is "unreasonable search and seizure." This concept is primarily rooted in the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution, which protects individuals from unreasonable intrusions by the government into their privacy and personal space. A search or seizure is deemed unreasonable if it is carried out without the necessary legal standards, such as a warrant supported by probable cause.

In legal contexts, demonstrating that a search was unreasonable provides grounds for challenging the admissibility of any evidence obtained during that search in court. The principle behind this protection is to uphold individual rights against arbitrary government actions. Thus, when a search is conducted without following the required legal protocols, it violates the standards set forth in the Fourth Amendment, resulting in it being labeled "unreasonable."

Other terms listed, such as exigent circumstances and unlawful entry, pertain to specific situations where searches might be justified despite the lack of a warrant. Understanding those concepts highlights the nuances of search and seizure laws, but they do not encompass the broad definition of searches conducted without proper legal authority, which is why "unreasonable search and seizure" is the most applicable term in this context.