Which term refers to defamation in writing or a permanent form?

The term that refers to defamation in writing or in a permanent form is libel. This form of defamation occurs when false statements are made about an individual or entity in a fixed medium, which can include printed materials, online content, or any other tangible form that can be reproduced and disseminated. Libel is considered more harmful than slander, which is spoken defamation, as written statements can reach a wider audience and may have a lasting impact.

Understanding libel is crucial in legal contexts because it has specific elements that need to be proven in court, such as publication, falsity, and damage to a reputation. This concept is important for paralegals and legal professionals to grasp, as it directly relates to cases involving slander and defamation, impacting how they prepare and support legal arguments.

The definitions of the other terms provide contrast: defamation encompasses both libel and slander as broader categories, whereas slander specifically pertains to oral statements. Calumny is a less commonly used term that also denotes false and malicious statements about someone but is often synonymous with slander rather than directly addressing written or permanent forms of defamation.