Who presides over hearings in an administrative agency?

An administrative law judge (ALJ) is the official who presides over hearings in an administrative agency. The role of the ALJ is critical in the administrative law system, as these judges are tasked with conducting hearings, evaluating evidence, and issuing rulings on disputes that arise within the regulatory framework of an agency. ALJs serve as unbiased adjudicators, ensuring that procedures are followed and that parties receive a fair hearing.

Unlike a federal judge, who operates within the judicial branch and presides over cases in a court system, an ALJ operates within the administrative framework of a specific agency. The agency's director may have oversight or administrative responsibilities but does not typically conduct hearings or make initial decisions on disputes. Additionally, a jury of peers is not involved in administrative hearings, as these matters are generally decided by the ALJ based on the administrative record rather than by a group of citizens.

Thus, the structure and function of ALJs are designed to facilitate specialized adjudication in the context of administrative law, making them the appropriate figure to preside over such hearings.